1. The Inquiry heard evidence about expectations of care and practice, by institutions from the late 1800s to the end of the migration era. We summarise this below by reference to the period before the Second World War, and the post-War period, because the latter is the temporal focus of this Case Study. We set out this evidence chronologically, to better illustrate the evolution of the institutional position, and to show the developments occurring in different countries throughout the migration period.